Rotary fluid motor



Feb. 8, 1927. 1,616,953

v J. Y. DAHLSTRAND ROTARY mun MoTon Filed Aug. 29, A1923 ssheets-'Shet 1' Feb. 8, 1927. l

n J. Y. DAHLSTRAND- ROTARY FLUID MOTOR FiledAug. 29,y 1923 3 'sheets-sheet z f 59' Feb.l s, 1927.

A J. Y. DAHLSTRAND RoARY FLUID MOTOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 29, 1925 F 1 A l v l ff 1-1L@ 4 j A q .M fw! 'FJ/1 @w ,V d /z f /1 k /1 1 Patented Feb. 8, 19277.

JOSEF YNGTE DAHLSTRAND, 0F yWELLSVILLE, NEW YORK...

ROTARY FLUID MOTOR.

Application filed August 29, 1923. Serial No. 659,936.

reduction in cost of production and generall improvement in design, whereby to facilitate the installation, operation and maintenance of such machines. v

This invention, while particularly directed toward the improvement of theturbine casing, also involves an improved arrangement of the rotor, valves, and allied parts, and in the production involves a new and improved method of manufacturing the casing, whereby to reduce the cost of manufacture, insure accuracy in the parts, and increase the life of the machine.

Therefore, the principal objects and adf vantages of this invention reside in the provision of an improved steam turbine characterized by the embodiment therein of a novel casing, rotor and valve structures; the provision of an improved casing structure for steam and other fluid pressure operated motors; the provision of an improved casing structure for steam and other fluid pressure rotary prime movers, commonly known as turbines; the provision Yof a rotary fluid` motor characterized by the provision of an improved combined casing and bearing structure; the provision of 'a rotaryl fluid motor or turbine characterized by the provision of an improved combined casing, steam inlet and exhaust structure, together with certain improvements in the bearing and valve structures; the provision of a rotary fiuid motor or turbine characterized by the provision of an improved casing facilitating manufacture, assembly and installation, and improving the efficiency and utility of the machine, the provision of an improved method of producing the turbinev 3 casing and associated parts; and thepro-V vision of a. turbine which is characterized by the embodiment therein of an improved governor valve and governor, together with certain improvements in the valve and govcrnor, details to be more particularly pointed out as this description proceeds.

rlhe foregoing and such further objects and advantages as may appear or be pointed out, are attained inthe structural embodimentsA of this invention, illustrated'in the accompanying drawings, in which: y

Figure Yl is a sideelevational view of'a turbine embodying the improvementsV of this invention.

Figure 2 isa verticalsectional view taken approximatelyon the longitudinal axis. of Figure l. I l

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 3 3 of Figure l, looking in the direction'indicated by the arrows. y

Figure 4f is an end elevational yView taken from the rightvhand end Aof Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a top plan of the lower half `casing sections. 4

Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of another type of fluid motor or i turbine embodying certain improvement-s.

Referring moreV articularly to the l,drawings, and first touligures ll to 4, inclusive, there 1s provided a multi-part casing 5, comprising in generalthe lower half .which includes the steam end section 6 and exhaust end section 7 and the upper half 8 which is placed upon the lower half when assembled. The sections 6 and 7 are ydesignated .as

steam end and exhaust end sections fory the reason that steam enters at the vright end, as viewed in Figure 2, and exhausts at `the left end, through the sections mentioned. It will thus be observed that while threefseparate elements are employed in forming' the casing, it is essentially constructed of two halves, the upper and lower, in which the latter comprises two separable parts, or, as will later appear, may comprise three separable parts. I A

Referring first tojthe vlower Vhalf ofthe casing, the steam end section 6 is provided at its-outer end with a base or foot portiony 9, by which this end may be bolted to a floor or other support, and the inner end ofsaid section is provided with a radial semiannular flangellO. Thesteam end section is furthermore n provided with aV substantially horizontal top flange 11, and a'stea-minlet duct or chamber-l2, from the walls of which the foot portion or vpedestal -9 extends, said flange conforming generally to the shapeof the section 6 in top plan. y

The steam inlet duct l2 extends `substantially in a semi-circle and is defined by the end wall of the section 6,1 partition 13,'wall 1li, and the top facing wall'portions, l5 and 16, see Figure 5. yThe duct 12 therefore formswhat is generally known as the steam it permits the steam line (not-lshowm' 'to' icome Vdown straight "from a l steam header ab'ove the machine. 'Furthermorathe-location of the steam inlet at the sidelrather Y' `lthan l beneath the ad]- aeent `bearingpermits Vof "free VCirculation of air varound the bearing, and prevents-overheatingof the-bearing duel to lproximity off thesteaminlet.

. It "yvillY :be-observed f Jroinv viewing Figure 3' l2'V'that an integraly extension E2lextendingfroln'the steam inlet cliainrberor fduct 12 ta-iner Ifand? *governor* to b'e-later' described.

i lv'llherfaoingportions'15 and lalsofaord "'a'irnrfoundation* Withffthe VYflange 11 tor reception-and 'support -o one portion lof'the upper section 8, -as-Wiill appear.

The exhaust` end-section7 includes a' Wall 22'yifhich extends upwardly and; toward: the

Walllt'ofthe seotion',thesectionf7 having a substantially semiannular"radial flange :."23, Which is-Cmnplemental' to and-fabu-ts the f 'flange 10,1bothof said flanges 'beingl bolted togetheraslbestseen--inligures land' 2. A

Vilarngej24, complementaltol- Eflange :1L-'forms '40 substantial-ly continuation lof 'the' lat-ter 'When the 'sections' 61aiid' 7 areV joined.

The Alower 'sections thus `aslseinb'lii-id'freceiye the upper section-8, lthe l'a-tteihaying a Vgenelally l'semife-ircular l shape andl being` provided With a 1' continuous horizontal yflange' 25, Which is' perforated and-conforms in shape tov the"`flanges 11 andf2sf, said 'flange *'25* abuttingthe"tlain'geslll4 and 2K1, andfbeing bolted 4or "*otherwiseitixe'dlysecured f thereto.

Y "The'xupper 'endsof the 'Walls'lsi and 22 adj acent' the'shaftf26, arefrecessed at A27--27 to accommodate said' shattnnd` the acent "portions ,ofi Athewallls "of the lupper-section 8 are siinilarly'recessed f at 28428. 'J0

Y' continuation ofi the wall: lof theE chamber 29I isrcast integrally With the section 7landits A' Lez'ihau'st.du'et i and saidf pedestal basi-feet porff-The-eirhaust end section'7 is-provided` with a 'relativelydargeexpansion Chamber tions k553-.33j,perforated whereby they may bebolted to a Hoor brother support.

`Theshaft 26 is revoluble in bearings 3ft and 85, the former being `contained ina housinzg` 36, mounted upon the extension 21, and.Y `thevl'atter being contained inV a housing.;` 37 mounted. upon the upper face 3801l the pedestal :32. p As Will be observed from an inspection of r `Figurel, 1the extension 2,1I is substantially vsemi.-cylii'i'drical and havi ng -an f end 'ilanne 1.1 39f tdwhich'i the Y' eompleinental Vlaripgt 40" on the.` lower halt 41 off-the bearing case-'3Gv is yfixedly f attach ed; tl'1eup-per hait 142A' ot'ffsai d ,bearing 1 case being`l i removably bolted-or otherwise seen-red f yto' the lower half. VvThe bearing- 84- isY grasped 'and =held,- When1`-the 'case86 is assembled, by abutmentsff-S"and 11b 'formed on fthef llowerJ and upper "halves,

respectively l*ult Wlill abei observedthat lthel bearing,` 34, is somewhat; spheroida-linl shape, #thatv isyits`l abutment 7engaging-faces are i curved about a common.' center, and the abutn 'mentflfaces are' similarly shaped,Vr sothat Ythe fbearin` is centered,= 'and Aas Well prevented against axial displacement. 'Rings 4l-5-^and M16 lare-secured f adjustably tol the shaft, =and 'f-abut they opposite latffacesoff theI bearing, so -thatlthefshaftvmaybe-adjusted voni-its aXis,'and locked. Y j

The other `bearing-"8G is iinountedlin its housing 37 oni'thelshafty 26= similarly -tof the 1 mounting of thev bearingt, 'With the exception 'that' the adjusting` rings,y Anotibeingvrequired there, are omitted; y i

' It will j:be Mbserve'd,Ivi therefore,- thatfthe @bearings iare both provided with Vsupports fdli'rectly beneath 'ithein or in the line 'fof :great- V- est-"pressureV thereby always assuring the ac- 'curate alignment` =of the shaft', affordinga =rigid support on the'bas offthemaehina and' therebyY eliminating'ryibratiorr `vto large degree. At the: same time this arrangement f facilitates assembly or Sdismounting` lofithe iparts,`an'd the shearing.;` 'tendency on 'bolts Where the Jbearinigsare supported by 2 the casing direct'is obviated entirely, thatis, the flange 21` takesfthea-Weight' o'iil'the -sla'i't and rotor at' the steam? end, and'` the' pedestal *82 takesE the'weightat' the exhaustend. f y

f At the points f Where f the shaft *26 passes through theacasing; that i`s,-adjacent the recesses 27-#27r'fand 28428, Ethere gare-proi vided packing rings,lfpreerably Aof'carbon coiita'inedrin packing cups 47 and 48,

lower-casinfglzsections f1-ir .Wheel orrotortisftined upon: the shaft 26, Within the .casing 5,Hand 'comprises a v:disk -pertionfha'ving aurelatiyelywide hub 50, and a vrelatively Widexriinorfperipheral flange 51, thereby accomniodatingtwo spaced peripheralfrows ety radial-'buckets or blades A52r andV 53. This 'is especially.advantageeus in f that, .".irst,'l a =lo,n`ger ptit'- yon :theh shaft is kme y\complementaliy f bolted 11 to. fthewupper rand afforded, and secondly two series of bladesl yaccidentally displaced. The stationary row of buckets or blades 56 is affixed to an inwardly directed flange 57 (see Figure 2), and these blades lie between the rows 52 and 53Yof rotor blades.

The steam chest 20, includes a housing 58, having an inlet 59 at its top and an voutlet 60 at its bottom, said housing, at its medial portion, having an `integral abutmentpon tion 61 forminga valve chamber, and apertured to receive the valve seat bushing'62. An opening 63Yis provided at oneside of the steam chest, and a removable plate 64 closes Vsaid opening, a packing 65 being carried by the plate 64, for the valve stem 66.

The bushing 62 is provided ith openings placing it in communication with .the inlet and voutlet and at its opposite ends said bushing has integrally formed valve seats 67 and 68. The bushing has one end 69 abutting a shoulder 70 on the abutment61, and said bushing is iixedly maintained in position by the provision of bolts 71-71 which enter through the plate 64C and abut said bushing. Lock nuts 72 retain the bolts 71 against loosening.

` The valve which here forms the governor valve of the machine, comprises a tubular body 73,' having seat engaging peripheries 74: and 7 5 at its ends, the body being reinforced and guided by the provision of webs 76, and attached to the valve stem by the.

provision of an integral spider 77. Itwill be observed that the valve thus constructed will always evenly engage the valve seats, and as the valve seats are relatively immovable and the seat engaging. portions of the valve similarly related, theexpansion of the parts is substantially equal and no leakage can occur in the steam chest.

` The valve 73 may be manually operated if desired, but usually is automatically actuated by the governor, which'latter'is mounted upon the shaft 26 within the housing'36 and is characterized especially by the provision of a construction which is substantially a unit, therefore facilitating complete attachment or removal of the governor without its disassembly.

As best seen in Figure 2, the governor comprises a housing 78, concentrically fixed to the adjacent end of the rotor shaft 26 within the bearing case 36, said housing 78 vhaving a relatively long hub 79 alixed tothe reduced portion 80 of the shaft 26,by the.

provision of an abutting nut 81. lThe shaft 26 is further reduced and extends at 82 to support Vthe governor sleeveSS. The sleeve 82 is non-slidably, but rotatively connected to the stationary spindle 84 by the provision of a union 85 containing a ball bearing 86, the spindle 84. extending through andsliding freely without contact in an opening 87 provided in a plug 88 which closes the outer end of the governor housing.

The inner end of the sleeve-83 is provided with a radial annular flange 89 abutting the inner end of a helical expansion spring-90, which latter has its opposite end abutting the plug 88, thus tending to `restrain outwardv movement of the sleeve.

Two governor weights are provided designated 91 and -92 and these Weights are retained by and having each a knife edge pivot engagement with anannulus 98 affixed tov the hub 79 by a. member 94. The inner ends of the weights are enlarged at 95 and engage the flange 89, so that as the; weights are thrown outwardly the sleeve is moved outwardly against the tension of the spring 90.

The governor spindle, being non-rotatable, is connected by a pivot joint 96. to the lower end of a lever 97, fulcrumed at 98 in brackets' 99 carried by the plate 64e, the upper'end of said lever being pivotally connected at'100 to the outer end of the valve stem 66.

f 1t will be obvious that when the weights I expand and force the sleeve 83 outward the spindle 84: will be similarly affected and through the lever 97 serve to close the valve 73 and reduce the speed. i l

The steam chest Vis also' provided with an emergency governor valve 101, which is operated by a spring restrained pin 102, in the hub l7 9 of the governor, The valve 101 is preferably of the butterfly typeV mounted on a shaft 103 onwhich a lever 104 is fiXedly mounted. The lever 104 is connected at one end toa helical spring 105 which tends to move the lever to close the valve, and said lever is constrained against such movement by a pawl memberv 106, which extendsinto 102, said pavvl normallyholding the lever in position to maintain -the valve 101 open.

Should the governor valve fail to ,close `or for any other reason the governorV itself faily to accomplish its function, then the pin 102 moves to s trikethe pawl 106 and release the lever 104, permitting `the butterflyrvalve to be closed by the spring and' stopping the machine. o

The improved method of manufacturing v made possible by three ypart casing structure described involves the steps of taking two complemental half sections, for instance, two

steam end sections, such as 6 and 7, and bolting them together, and then simultaneously facing and otherwise machining and boring these parts. Similarly, the other like sec` @interchangeable production` is increased at' 'least"twenty-'tive percent over. a-iiylotirtheusuai methods of i inanutacture.

. f '@Anotherfeature:etthez shape ot the steamv *eiidjseetion residesf inthe 'provision et the viange 11 as integral Withthe steam iniet,

Iltherebyfiati/ordinii!the steam chest attaeh-v nientwiiange9 v when facing v1the horizontai tia-nge '11V of thecasing.Y

.nthenaiternative gor modified construcf :tion f ehown 'sin Figure- 16, allv the major 1 features of the turbine 1.0i'.- Figures 1 tov 5, is

'fadh'ered to, certainchanges tobe described,

-lbeing imadetto-produce what is commonly facilitates .manufacture iand'ieducesfthe cost Referi-ingsto' 'Figure 6, it WiFi-be observed. *thatthe `steam eiideasing vsection111() and :known as -a Atwol stage'pniachine.

E exhaust: end casingv section :111,are 'identical AWithtl'ievsections Gfand 7, there, however,

Y being#provided two Wheeis 112'1and 113, Von

the 4'shaft 26a, andlthus -necessitatingi the lengthening ofthe'vcasing.v Thi'sis accomfp'lished by finterposing- :the intermediate casf `ingsectionalii between! :the iinnerends of the.`

' 'icasingeections 110'iand 111,- each, of said aseet-onshavingabutting anges 115, which are bolted-for otheru-f'ise fixedly connected so f length to aeconnnodateV the twoV Wheels and the primary and secondary vnozzles-andi sta ".itionary blades.A

y In this arrangement, itfwillbe noted that Y the primary nozzle ring-1161s carried by the section 1'10 and discharges -steani1into the two rows 117 of blades on the primary stage Y -Wheei 112, Wheneehthe stream;passestoL-the.ff

Y iirst stage stationary :bia'des-'llronthe 4intermediatesectionlli. Theseetion 1141 carriesy -a partitionfor vane 119 which isset into aV -inachined groove therein, .The partition .119 `terms-fthelovverr haltetl ai diaphragm arranged intermediatetheprimary and secondary-stagesof the turbine andcontains 'a-,han'stsect-ien 111.

y lt obviously necessary that thev upper ,v half .1:23 of the turbine casing be made larger than that vof the lconstructiony of Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, and in order to i-soiate the Y yWheels the `lvane` 119 extends toY and partly Vleo.

`vembraces the rotor shaft 26%1as indicated at .12%. rlhe vaneI cooperates with: the partition cast in the upperseetion 123, Which partitiontorins* thev upper of the dia-v @phragnn-to retain .zr-bushing 1,26 surround-k ingY said shaft. i- The partitions 119 -and125 7 Vandthebushing preventpassage of steam from "the 'first to`A the-I second sta-ge 5 chamberi except through thexnozzies 120'.

fIt is noteworthy that: thei'partsof' thejdevicefot Figures 1to'iand'tFigure-G are interchangeable. fFor instanceyshould ,theY userv have f an instailation including: ther vdevice of Figures 1l 'to 5, and" desire to lincrease the horsepower Wit-hout installing 'an entirely new machine, the required partsyincluding-the larger upper halt,

v`sijreatiy desired bytherpurclrasers,but valso different parts required. Y

The casing construction, bearingsupports and the basic idea-01"-standardizationis cai'- ried `out inthe iargeriiiaehines ofthe con# lensing type, and therefore, `While certain is reserved Withinthe Vscope of the if claim: y

17in aturbine, a casing comprising,-sep- `arable abutting'` botteinfsections rand ra coninionf-topsection, a-sha'ft extending thru.- the casing, external beariiigs'for the shaft, the bottom sections having'steani inlet and` exhaust chambers therein, the walls :oil/said chambers being extended to formV supportringf pedestalsA-torsaid bearings. c y

E1n turbine, a casingcomprisingsep-V arable abuttingfseetions, a shaft-:extending thru the casinor externalbearingsffor the shaft, a steam inlet chamber-.in one o'fpsaid sections arranged atone side. of the-adja-` cent f bearing I with r an air space therebetween, an exhaust chamberfin-another otsaidfsections, the fwallsoff said chambersbeing` continued and extended yte support said bearings and totorm pedestals-for said-casing.

5. in aturbine, a easingcoinprisingsep- Y arable abutting bottom-sectionsand a span-` ning top. section, a shaft extending ithru the easing, external. bearings torthe shaft, afsteani inlet chai'nber atene end et said casinglan'd located* in one ot said sections tol one side voi: the adjacent bearing, ai'i'exhaust :chamber in another oi said sections, the

Walls o'l said chambers being continued-to torm integralabutments 'for supporting said bearings.

In a turbine, `a casing compri'sngsepf arable abutting bottoni sections and spanngftop section, a shatt extending thru the external bearings yfor the shai'ft, a

elongated' shaft, additional Wheel, ,and intermediate lcasing section and its vane 11S)- and blades 118: mayI be embodied -witlioutinaterial aitervation in the then-existing installation.

lt will be, therefore, appreciated that thel 'parts of the machine. are interel'ian'gfeable `and trulystandardized,fwhich :is not vonly y filetchamber at one end of said cas-l VLing and loeatedin ione'foirsaidsectiens to or' productionl by freducing 'the number Loti-'85 one side of the adjacent bearing, an exhaust chamber in another of said sections, and abutments formed integral with the walls of said chambers and spaced from the casing sect-ions for supporting said bearings.

5. In a turbine, the combination of separable abutting casing sections, one of said sections having a groove therein, a shaft,

6. In a turbine, a casing including two end and an intermediate coupling section, a shaft, a `pair of rotors on said shaft, said rotors having each a pair of spaced series of blades, primary nozzles on one end section, stationary blades on said intermediate section, and a secondary series of nozzles on'saidintermediate section.

7. In a turbine, a casing including two end and an `intermediate coupling section, a shaft, a pair of rotors on said shaft, said rotors having each a pair of spaced series of blades, primary nozzles on one end section, stationary blades on said intermediate section, a secondary series of nozzles on said intermediate section, and fixed blades on the other end section.

8. In a turbine, a casing including two end and an intermediate coupling section, a shaft, a pair of rotors on said shaft, said rotors having each a pair of 'spaced series ofi'blades, primary nozzles on one end section, stationary blades on said intermediate section, arranged between the series of blades of one rotor, a secondary series of nozzles on said intermediate section, and a secondary series of fixed blades on the other end sections arranged between the series of blades of the other of said rotors.

9. In a turbine, a casing having a steam inlet chamber provided with an entrance arranged with its axis at right angles to thel axis of the turbine and in a vertical plane. l0. In aturbine, in combination, a casing including an upper and la lower portion separably connected, the lower portion having an inlet chamber integral therewith formed with a horizont-al flange arranged parallel to the axis of the turbine and affording a connecting support for a steam line.

11. In a turbine, in combination, a casing including an upper and a lower portion separably connected, the lower portion having an inlet chamber vintegral therewith formed with a. horizontal flange arranged f parallel to the axis of the turbine and aording a connecting support for a steam chest.

12. In a turbine, in combination, a casing including an upper and a lower portion separably connected, the lower portion having an inlet chamber` integral therewith formed with a horizontal flange in a plane parallel to the axis of the turbine and a steam chest vertically arranged and connected to said horizontal flange.

13. In a turbine, in combination, a multipart casing characterized by the provision of a steam inletv chamber which is confined to one of the parts of the` casing-and terminates short of the junction of the casing parts whereby to eliminate high 'pressure fluid joints in said casino'.

111-. In a turbine, the combination of separable abutting bottom sections, a shaft, rotors on said shaft, spaced series of blades carried by said rotors, stationary blades carried by certain of the casing sections, a partition set in one of said casing sections, and a top section common to said bottom sections having a partition cast therein which cooperates with said first named partition to form a diaphragm arranged between said rotors.

15. In a turbine, the combination of separable abutting bottom sections, one of said sections having a grooveJ therein,I a shaft, rotors on said shaft, spaced series of blades carried by the rotors, stationary blades carried by certain of the casing sections and arranged betweenV said series of rotor blades, a partition fixed in said groove, and a top section common to said bottom sections having a partition cast therein which cooperates with said first named partition to form a diaphragm arranged between said rotors.

16. In a turbine, the combination of separable abutting bottom sections, one of said sections having a groove therein, a shaft, rotors on said shaft, spaced series of blades carried by the rotors, stationary blades carried by certainv of the casing sections and arranged between said series of rotor blades, primaryfluid nozzles mounted onone of the casing sections, a partition set in said groove and forming the lower half portion of adiaphragm adapted to be arranged between said rotors, secondaryv lfluid nozzles in saidpartition, and a top section common to said bottom sections and having a partition cast therein which cooperates with said first named partition to` form the upper half of 

